The siltation is a major issue, hindering the infiltration of surface water into groundwater. Heavy rainfall and occurrence of flash floods in the regions may deposit large amounts of silts in the dams 2– 7. Groundwater recharge in dams to increase the yield of groundwater for sustainability is very important in arid regions 1. The occurrence of these minerals is confirmed further by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses. The study of spectral absorption characters of field samples using a Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer (PIMA) showed the presence of OH molecule bearing minerals (clays, serpentines, etc.) and carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) in the silt deposits. Results of image analyses are verified in the field and confirmed through laboratory analyses. Mapping accuracy for the occurrence of siltation is assessed by a confusion matrix which produced an overall accuracy of 97.88% and Kappa coefficient of 0.98 in the Maximum Likelihood method. Interpretation of images showed a gradual increase of the siltation. In addition, the siltation of the dam is studied for the years 1987 to 2018 using Landsat satellite images. The occurrence of siltation is confirmed by the detection of minerals using the VNIR-SWIR bands by the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method. In this study, the decorrelated image of spectral bands 6, 3, and 1 clearly discriminated the distribution of siltation. This study demonstrates the use of ASTER data to map the siltation of the Al-Khod Dam constructed at the lower reaches of Samail Catchment area, north Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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